Low-Power Direct Hardware Implementation of Logic Controllers Using Standard Languages

The paper shows the methodologies of implementing a high-performance low-power logic control system designed with the use of standard languages like LD and SFC (according to the IEC61131-3 standard) directly in hardware utilizing FPGA devices. The essential idea is to convert the sequential sentences of a language to parallel computations and then map them to a dedicated hardware structure. The flexible graph-based method of language mapping is shown. It enables extracting control and data flow from language sentences. The direct hardware mapping technique enables building not only a high-performance structures but also a low-power implementations. All implementations retain a very short response time consisting of several clock cycles (from 3 to 7). The proposed low-power mapping strategies enable power saving up to 10 times while retaining processing performance. The obtained results are compared with a standard implementation using a benchmark program set. The paper is concluded with a comparison of the performance and energy consumption for the proposed implementation strategies.

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Publication Details

Journal
Energies
Published
2026-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19082001
Primary Topic
Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Low-Power Direct Hardware Implementation of Logic Controllers Using Standard Languages

Wojciech Kierat, Adam Milik, Tomasz Rudnicki
Energies
Embedded Systems Design Techniques
article

Low-Power Direct Hardware Implementation of Logic Controllers Using Standard Languages

Wojciech Kierat, Adam Milik, Tomasz Rudnicki
article en

Abstract

The paper shows the methodologies of implementing a high-performance low-power logic control system designed with the use of standard languages like LD and SFC (according to the IEC61131-3 standard) directly in hardware utilizing FPGA devices. The essential idea is to convert the sequential sentences of a language to parallel computations and then map them to a dedicated hardware structure. The flexible graph-based method of language mapping is shown. It enables extracting control and data flow from language sentences. The direct hardware mapping technique enables building not only a high-performance structures but also a low-power implementations. All implementations retain a very short response time consisting of several clock cycles (from 3 to 7). The proposed low-power mapping strategies enable power saving up to 10 times while retaining processing performance. The obtained results are compared with a standard implementation using a benchmark program set. The paper is concluded with a comparison of the performance and energy consumption for the proposed implementation strategies.

EnergiesVol. 19(8)
Silesian University of Technology (PL)
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Embedded Systems Design Techniques
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