Sunscreen vs Physical Sun Protection: Which is More Effective in Preventing Melasma in Female Fish Dryers at Olo Belawan Beach?

Abstract Background: Melasma is a pigmentation disorder of the face that is influenced by genetics, hormones, and exposure to ultraviolet light. Workers who are exposed to sunlight have a high risk of developing melasma, including female fish dryers. Aims: This study aims to analyse the correlation between the use of sunscreen and physical sun protection in the prevention of melasma among female fish dryers at Olo Belawan Beach. Settings and Design: This study used a cross-sectional design with 61 participants. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires with structured interviews and physical examination of the face. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and G-test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The analysis showed that 57.4% of the participants did not use sunscreen, while 42.6% used sunscreen. Melasma was found in 41% of the 61 participants. Most participants (83.6%) used physical sun protection with a high level of use, which included hats, long sleeves, gloves, masks, and footwear. There was a significant association between sunscreen use and melasma incidence ( P = 0.001), suggesting that sunscreen use may reduce the risk of melasma. However, the use of physical sun protection did not show a significant association with the incidence of melasma ( P = 0.616). The combination of sunscreen and physical sun protection use was shown to provide the best protection against sun exposure, with a statistically significant association ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that combining sunscreen and physical sun protection offers the best protection against melasma in female fish dryers at Olo Belawan Beach.