Life-cycle evolution of train running performance on prestressed concrete bridges: a train–track–bridge interaction analysis with material degradation

Abstract The material degradation of prestressed concrete (PC) bridge structures over time may significantly influence the running performance of trains on the bridge. To address this issue, this paper presents an advanced train–track–bridge (TTB) coupled model that incorporates material degradation of the bridge. The train is modeled as a multi-rigid body system with springs and dampers. The track–bridge system is simulated using the finite element model in OpenSeesPy code, and the nonlinear constitutive relationship of materials is thoroughly considered. Wheel–rail interactions are solved based on the Hertz and modified Kalker creep theory. To validate the model’s accuracy, a comparison is made with an existing well-known TTB model. Based on the validated model, investigations are conducted to analyze the effects of concrete carbonation, corrosion of steel bars, degradation of core concrete, and prestress loss of the PC bridge on the responses of the TTB system. Results show that material degradation has significant impacts on the dynamic behavior of the TTB system, and the stiffness and geometric variations of bridges are the primary controlling factors.