The impact of AI on the labour market

Abstract This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labour market, focusing on changes in job roles, skill requirements, and human resource (HR) practices. Unlike previous surveys that primarily addressed technological aspects, this research systematically integrates technological, organisational, and institutional perspectives. The literature review (2020–2025) shows that AI adoption is closely associated with rising demand for technical and interdisciplinary skills, restructuring of work roles, and widening wage gaps between AI-skilled and non-AI-skilled workers. At the same time, many jobs are not eliminated but transformed, as AI frequently functions in augmentation rather than pure substitution mode. The results suggest that the future of work in the AI era will be determined less by technology itself than by how organisations, institutions, and policies govern its implementation.