Non-cell autonomous downregulation of the purinergic receptor P2Y1R promotes neuroprotection after ischemic injury

accumulation through an NMDA receptor-independent mechanism. Together, these results suggest the downregulation of P2Y1R in astrocytes by activated microglia is a critical endogenous neuroprotective mechanism after ischemic injury. By understanding these inherent non-cell autonomous mechanisms and their molecular mediators, it may be possible to improve intrinsic neuroprotection and recovery from stroke.