ISPAT-3D: Spatially Varying Conditional Volumetric Network Estimation for 3D Tumor Imaging

↔Treg at maximal density, consistent with cytotoxic suppression at the tumor core. In BC, the shared network shows near-perfect conditional coupling between cancer-associated fibroblasts and the myoepithelial layer, while zone-specific networks reveal CAF↔endothelial co-localisation at intermediate and high burden, consistent with angiogenic remodeling, and a B cell↔CAF association confined to high-density zones, consistent with tertiary lymphoid structure formation. Across both tumors, ISPat-3D identifies volumetric spatial conditional interactions not recoverable from 2D sections.