Cavitation Technologies for Deep Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass

This paper substantiates the relevance of developing new technological solutions for the complex processing of lignocellulosic raw materials in the interests of Russia’s scientific and technological leadership. A comprehensive method has been developed that allows the production of high-quality wood pulp suitable for further deep chemical processing to produce products, including dual-use ones. A comprehensive method for alkaline hydrolysis of wood assortments is proposed, including alkaline catalytic delignification and a pre-hydrolysis stage using physical methods, that is, ultrasonic treatment. In this work, the lignocellulose raw material is subjected to an additional physical influence, which leads to its destruction and an increase in the specific surface area, and, consequently, to an increase in reactivity. By selecting the process modes and design parameters of the reactor, it is possible to ensure predetermined values of the quality of the resulting cellulose. This approach allows one to obtain high-quality cellulose with a yield of 40–45% and a degree of delignification of up to 2–5 Kappa units, with content α-cellulose up to 94–98 units, breaking length up to 12 500 m, and a tear resistance of up to 1500 mN.