Epidemiological study of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) from the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Sichuan Province, China

spp. (0.31%; 95% CI: 0.05%-1.71%). The strongyle-type species was the most predominant group, with a peak infection prevalence in high-altitude regions (49.65%; 95% CI: 41.45%-57.85%), suggesting that the altitude might modulate the parasite dynamics, possibly driven by the interplay of climatic envelopes and host physiological stress. Taken together, this study provided the first comprehensive overview of GIP prevalence and taxa distribution of yaks in the Western Sichuan Plateau, highlighting the need for targeted parasite control strategies and increased awareness among yak farmers to improve animal health and productivity.