Altered Hippocampal Clock Gene Regulation Is Associated with Circadian Dysregulation of Oxidative Imbalance, Neuroinflammation, and Histopathological Damage After Pinealectomy

< 0.05). In conclusion, pinealectomy is associated with significant disruption of hippocampal circadian clock gene expression, accompanied by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and histopathological alterations. These findings highlight the critical role of circadian regulation in maintaining hippocampal cellular integrity.