Degradation of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in water using an ozonation/persulfate system under solar irradiation

= 0.08615 min⁻¹) than either oxidant alone. Radical scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl and sulfate radicals as the dominant species. A preliminary cost analysis estimated a chemical cost of $0.0009 L⁻¹. Overall, the O₃/PS system demonstrated high efficiency and adaptability for solar-assisted antibiotic removal in water treatment.