Recent Advances in NADES-Assisted Process Intensification Technologies for Sustainable Recovery of Microalgal Bioactives: Challenges and Future Prospectives

-based methods, have significantly improved extraction efficiency and selectivity, with reported lipid recoveries exceeding 40-50% in some microalgal systems and carotenoid recoveries approaching 90% under optimized conditions. NADES-assisted systems further enhance mass transfer and solubilization through tailored hydrogen-bonding interactions, enabling selective extraction of polar and semi-polar metabolites under mild conditions. However, limitations remain, including high viscosity, variability in extraction performance, and challenges in solvent recovery and scale-up. This review critically evaluates the extraction efficiency, mechanistic basis, and sustainability of NADES-assisted processes, highlighting key limitations and identifying research priorities for their integration into scalable microalgal biorefinery systems.