From crisis management to systemic resilience: Economic aspects of risk management in international sporting events in the post-pandemic era

The study aimed to provide an economic interpretation of the transformation of financial risk regulation mechanisms for international mega-sporting events following the pandemic shock. The study was analytical and comparative in nature and was conducted using financial and economic analysis of official reports, horizontal and vertical budget analysis, trend analysis of time series, structural decomposition of revenues and expenses, institutional analysis of financing models, and macroeconomic assessment of multiplier effects. The study established that broadcasting revenues from the Olympic Games amounted to USD 3.1 billion for Tokyo 2020, USD 1.5 billion for Beijing 2022 and USD 3.2 billion for Paris 2024, confirming the dominance of media rights. Total revenue from the Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup 2022 reached USD 5.769 billion, of which USD 2.958 billion came from television rights, whilst the net financial result stood at USD 2.368 billion, demonstrating the effectiveness of the commercially focused model. The Union of European Football Associations’ 2024 European Football Championship generated approximately EUR 2.5 billion in revenue and a net profit of around EUR 1.2 billion, reflecting a model of balanced diversification. France’s public expenditure on the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games amounted to EUR 6.6 billion, with an operating budget surplus of EUR 76 million, which characterised an institutionally segregated model. The ticket market shrank from over USD 20 billion in 2019 to USD 5-6 billion in 2020, before recovering to over USD 22-24 billion in 2024-2025. In total, three models of financial sustainability for international mega-sporting events were identified: a centralised-redistributive model (the Olympic system), commercially concentrated, and balanced-diversified, which operated under conditions of institutional cost separation and formed different mechanisms for managing budgetary, security and market risks. The practical significance of the study is determined by potential use by federations and organising committees to improve financial planning and risk management for international sporting events