Awareness and Knowledge of Common Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Southern Saudi Arabia: A Regional Cross-sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders represent a significant global public health concern and carry a substantial disease burden in Saudi Arabia. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess awareness and knowledge of common ENT problems among the population in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire distributed to 485 participants from Jazan, Asir, Al Baha, and Najran. The survey collected demographic information and responses to 23 ENT-related knowledge questions. Knowledge levels were categorized as poor (<12), moderate (12–16), or good (>16). Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze associations between demographic variables and knowledge levels. Results: Of the 485 respondents, most were aged 18–30 years (63.3%), female (58.8%), single (68.5%), and from Jazan (33.4%). Overall, 32.4% had poor knowledge, 47.0% moderate, and 20.6% good. High awareness was observed regarding the impact of hearing loss on school performance (84.9%) and the carcinogenic effects of smoking on the throat (77.1%). However, substantial knowledge gaps were noted, particularly concerning the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in treating viral infections (31.5%), the use of hearing aids in children under 2 years (27.8%), and misconceptions about tonsillectomy (24.9%). Knowledge levels were significantly associated with age ( P = 0.015), place of residence ( P = 0.005), education ( P < 0.001), and occupation ( P < 0.001), with students and healthcare workers being more knowledgeable. Conclusion: This study highlights significant gaps in ENT knowledge among southern Saudi residents. Targeted public health education programs are essential to improve ENT awareness, especially in less-educated, nonmedical population groups.