Convergence rates for the vanishing viscosity approximation of fully nonlinear, non-convex, second-order Hamilton–Jacobi equations via nonlinear convolutions
Abstract We obtain new quantitative estimates of the vanishing viscosity approximation for time-dependent, degenerate, Hamilton–Jacobi equations that are neither concave nor convex in the gradient and Hessian entries of the form $$\partial _t u+H(x,t,Du,D^2u)=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the whole space. We approximate the PDE with a fully nonlinear, possibly degenerate, elliptic operator $$\varepsilon F(x,t,D^2u)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Assuming that $$u\in C^\alpha _x$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$u_0\in C^\eta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$H\in C^\beta _x$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and having power growth $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> in the gradient entry, we establish a convergence rate of order $$\varepsilon ^{\min \left\{ \frac{\eta }{2},\frac{\beta +\gamma (\alpha -1)}{\beta +\gamma (\alpha -1)+2-\alpha }\right\} }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>min</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Our novel approach exploits the regularizing properties of sup/inf-convolutions for viscosity solutions and the comparison principle. We also obtain explicit constants and do not assume differentiability properties neither on solutions nor on H . The same method provides new convergence rates for the vanishing viscosity approximation of the stationary counterpart of the equation and for transport equations with Hölder coefficients.
Authors
- Alessandro Goffi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3581-5838)
- Alekos Cecchin
Institutions
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Florence (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
- Published
- 2026-04-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-026-03341-1
- Primary Topic
- Optimization and Variational Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Università degli Studi di Firenze