VLBI Observations of Nearby HBLs: Physical Implications

We review the jet kinematics of HBL blazars based on results of the MOJAVE survey, which obtained images of active galactic nuclei with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 15 GHz, and the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR program as well as its successor BEAM-ME program, which have observed γ-ray blazars at 43 GHz. We present and discuss recent kinematic behavior and polarization properties of the parsec-scale jets of three typical HBL sources over the 2020–2025 period. We outline current physical implications for reconciling the high-energy characteristics of HBL sources with their parsec-scale jet properties.