Surface roughness, stainability, and translucency of an additively manufactured interim resin reinforced with a commercially available ceramic composite concentrate after coffee thermal cycling.

Purpose To compare the surface roughness (Ra), stainability, and translucency of a ceramic composite concentrate-reinforced interim resin with its corresponding non-reinforced formulation and with a ceramic-filled resin indicated for definitive use after coffee thermal cycling.Materials And Methods Disk-shaped specimens (Ø10 × 1 mm) were additively manufactured from an unfilled resin for interim use (AM-INT; FREEPRINT Temp, Detax), the same resin for interim use reinforced with a 30 wt% commercially available ceramic composite concentrate (AM-R-INT), and a ceramic-filled resin indicated for definitive use (AM-DEF; Crowntec, Saremco Dental AG) (n = 12). The Ra values of each specimen were measured before and after polishing. Color coordinates were measured after polishing, followed by 10,000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, after which both Ra and color measurements were repeated. The color difference (∆E00) caused by coffee thermal cycling and the relative translucency parameter (RTP) of each specimen were calculated. The Ra and RTP data were analyzed with a generalized linear model, while ∆E00 values were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results The interaction between the resin type and time point significantly affected the Ra and RTP, while the resin type impacted the ∆E00 (p ≤ 0.015). AM-INT had the highest Ra among the other resins before polishing, and the Ra of each tested resin was higher before polishing than after polishing or coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.006). AM-R-INT had higher ∆E00 than AM-DEF (p < 0.001). AM-DEF had higher RTP than AM-INT after polishing (p = 0.006). However, AM-DEF also had the lowest RTP after coffee thermal cycling, whereas AM-INT had the highest (p ≤ 0.018). AM-R-INT and AM-DEF had reduced RTP after coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.001).Conclusions All tested resins achieved clinically acceptable Ra after polishing and coffee thermal cycling. AM-DEF exhibited a perceptible but clinically acceptable color change, whereas the other resins showed moderately unacceptable changes, highlighting potential esthetic limitations. The reinforced interim resin (AM-R-INT) exhibited a perceptible translucency difference compared with other resins after polishing, and coffee thermal cycling caused a significant reduction in translucency for both AM-R-INT and AM-DEF, resulting in clinically unacceptable changes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both material composition and polishing procedures when selecting interim and definitive prostheses, particularly for patients with regular exposure to coffee.