Quality of life in later years: A comprehensive review of elderly well-being in India

ABSTRACT Background: India’s elderly population is on the rise, and it is expected to reach nearly 20% by 2050. This transition raises significant concerns about the quality of life (QoL) among the elderly. Therefore, this review seeks to investigate the various determinants of QoL among the elderly in India and suggest strategies for improving their well-being. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review design was adopted, incorporating elements of a systematic approach. Data sources included electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), government and nongovernmental organization reports, and global aging policy documents (2000–2024). Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and thematic analysis was used to identify key determinants and challenges affecting elderly QoL. Results: Key determinants influencing QoL in India’s elderly include chronic diseases, functional limitations, depression, cognitive decline, social support, financial stability, and living arrangements. Rural–urban disparities, gender-based differences, and limited access to geriatric care exacerbate these issues. Internationally, similar patterns are observed, though many high-income countries have developed integrated care models, pension systems, and social prescribing strategies that India can adapt. Policy gaps in India include inadequate mental health services, a lack of universal health coverage for elders, and insufficient geriatric training for healthcare providers. Conclusion: Enhancing QoL for India’s elderly requires a comprehensive approach that combines medical, social, and economic strategies. Key priorities include improving healthcare access, supporting community services, addressing mental health, enhancing social protection schemes, and building age-friendly environments. It is essential to adapt global best practices to India’s unique context.