Network toxicology and molecular docking elucidation of oligoasthenospermia induced by bisphenol analogues: a comparative study of BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF

), minimal structural drift (ligand RMSD ~0.16 nm; protein RMSD ~0.20 nm), and persistent hydrogen bonding anchored by residues GLU353 and LEU428. These computational findings predict that BPA alternatives - especially BPAF - may significantly perturb steroidogenic and inflammatory axes to drive spermatogenic impairment. This study provides a predictive hazard prioritization framework that challenges the safety assumption of 'BPA-free' substitutes and warrants urgent experimental validation.