Carbon Skeleton and Oxygen Vacancy Enhanced Z‐Scheme TiO ₂ /C‐CN Heterojunction for Selective Lactic Acid Production

The photocatalytic conversion of biomass‐derived monosaccharides to lactic acid (LA) provides a sustainable approach for the high‐value utilization of biomass. However, conventional photocatalysts suffer from insufficient visible light absorption, rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and inadequate surface active sites, which severely hinder the generation of key active species, thereby limiting the catalytic activity and LA selectivity. Herein, this study constructs a Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst TiO 2 /C‐CN by combining carbon skeleton and oxygen vacancy (V O )–modified TiO 2 with graphitic carbon nitride (CN), with excellent photocatalytic performance. Under visible light irradiation, it achieves 92.3% LA yield and 96.4% selectivity within 60 min. The carbon skeleton effectively enhances visible light absorption and electron transport, V O provides abundant active sites for the adsorption and activation of oxygen, and the construction of the Z‐scheme heterojunction achieves efficient charge separation while retaining strong redox capability. The synergistic effect of these three components facilitates the efficient generation of superoxide radicals (), which selectively cleave the C3C4 bond of glucose intermediates, directing the reaction toward LA formation. This study provides a rational strategy to design efficient and precise photocatalysts for biomass valorization through the synergistic regulation of electron transport channels, defect sites, and heterojunction engineering.