Resveratrol-Repaglinide Carbon Dots Promote Diabetic Wound Healing by Regulating Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Remodeling

Diabetic wound repair remains a major global clinical challenge, and the therapeutic efficacy of traditional wound dressings is often limited. Carbon dots (CDs), as highly promising nanomaterials, have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research. In this study, resveratrol and oral hypoglycemic drug repaglinide were used as carbon sources, the hydrophilicity and stability of carbon dots were improved by using citric acid as a surface modification, and a one-pot hydrothermal approach was employed to create carbon dots with a high quantum yield. Resveratrol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can enhance the bioactivity of repaglinide under oxidative stress and in inflammatory pathological microenvironments. We then used UV–vis, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and other techniques to characterize the RES-Rep-CDs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and L929 cells were used in extensive biocompatibility tests, wound healing tests, and cell migration investigations. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to do an initial molecular process analysis. A diabetic rat model was used to confirm the in vivo therapeutic effectiveness. The findings showed that RES-Rep-CDs might speed up diabetic wound healing, control the inflammatory milieu, and stimulate cell proliferation at the right doses. This study developed a nanomaterial for diabetic wound repair, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the construction of carbon-dot-based therapeutic strategies for diabetes.