Case Report: Hormone receptor-positive uterine mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma

Background: Uterine mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare and biologically aggressive subtype of endometrial carcinoma, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are typically absent or exhibit very low expression in this type of cancer. The cornerstone of treatment is still surgical resection, frequently in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. There is currently disagreement over the optimal therapeutic regimen. Case presentation: A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with vaginal bleeding as the initial symptom. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a uterine mass, and postoperative histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the uterus. This case demonstrates dual ER/PR positivity, representing the first reported instance of this rare clinical subtype. Conclusion: This study aims to enhance clinicians' recognition and management of uterine mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma. MLA with hormone receptor expression may exhibit distinct biological behavior. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to explore whether these tumors could represent a candidate for endocrine-based therapeutic approaches.