Психологічні особливості вірувань і переконань у структурі психодуховного світу особистості майбутніх фахівців соціогуманітарного профілю

This article presents the theoretical and empirical study of the psychological features of beliefs and convictions as system‑forming components of the psychospiritual world of the personality. The mechanisms of functioning of these phenomena are analyzed within the coordinates of the cyclical‑action approach. The aim of the research is the psychological substantiation of the action‑based structure of beliefs and convictions as important characteristics of the psychospiritual world of future specialists in socio‑humanitarian professions. Methods of the research. To address the objectives of the study, both theoretical and empirical methods were employed. Theoretical methods included critical analysis, reflexive generalization, systematization, and structuring. Empirical methods comprised observation, questionnaires, reflexive self-reports, and psychodiagnostic testing. The psychodiagnostic toolkit included the Social Axioms Survey (M. Bond, K. Leung), the Belief in a Just World Scale (K. Dalbert), and the Justice Sensitivity Inventory (M. Schmitt). The methodological foundation of the research is based on the logical-canonical structure of the act proposed by V.A. Romenets and the cyclical-action approach developed by A.V. Furman. Research results. The study empirically demonstrated the presence of a specific age-related dynamic in the formation of students’ social beliefs during professional training: from perceiving the world as a dangerous and competitive environment among first-year students to experiencing a sense of safety and the ability to control events among master’s students. It was established that future specialists’ belief in personal justice significantly exceeds their belief in the general justice of the world, functioning as a powerful adaptive mechanism that maintains trust in others and conserves psychological energy. A differentiated influence of justice sensitivity was also revealed: the dominance of the “victim” position leads to egoistic choices and fear of exploitation, whereas sensitivity from the positions of “witness” and “beneficiary” determines prosocial and altruistic behavior. Within the framework of the training program, the mechanisms of functioning of beliefs and convictions were revealed through the sequential unfolding of the situational, motivational, actional, and post-action components of the act. Conclusion. The value-meaning sphere, beliefs, and convictions form an inseparable psychospiritual triad of the specialist’s personality. Within this triad, beliefs ensure emotional and resource stability, whereas convictions act as an effective mechanism for realizing life meanings through a conscious professional act. The application of the cyclical-action approach and targeted psychodevelopmental practices in higher education institutions represents an effective tool for correcting maladaptive attitudes and fostering a mature worldview among future social workers and psychologists.