Cylindroma with extensive stromal adipocytic metaplasia likely arising in nevus lipomatosus superficialis: A rare entity

Introduction: Cylindromas are uncommon benign dermal adnexal tumors that tend to arise in the scalp of middle-aged females. Nevus lipomatosus superficialis is a rare hamartomatous connective tissue nevus consisting of mature adipocytes in the reticular dermis. Case Report: Herein, we report a case of a 53-year-old woman with a congenital scalp lesion demonstrating histopathological features consistent with a benign cylindroma arising within a nevus lipomatosus superficialis. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge associated with recognizing nevus lipomatosus superficialis in conjunction with other dermal tumors. This is the second reported case of a cylindroma arising from nevus lipomatosus superficialis, in what otherwise would be considered a cylindroma with associated extensive stromal adipocytic metaplasia. The patient’s unique presentation expands the understanding and association of cylindromas with nevus lipomatosus superficialis. Complete surgical excision of the lesion is considered curative treatment, as both entities are benign.