Efficacy of Alloplast and Xenograft in Sinus Lift Augmentation with Concurrent Dental Implantation - A Comparative Study

BACKGROUND: Dental implants in the posterior maxilla face challenges from limited bone density and sinus pneumatization, necessitating sinus lift and bone augmentation. This study compares the effectiveness of alloplastic versus xenograft bone substitutes in these procedures with immediate implant placement. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of alloplastic versus xenograft bone substitutes concerning implant stability and bone formation during sinus lift procedures with simultaneous implant placement. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This prospective randomized study at the ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, from April 2022 to December 2023, involved fourteen patients randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (alloplastic bone substitute) and Group 2 (xenograft). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged 30-60 with ≤5 mm residual alveolar bone height underwent sinus lift using the lateral window technique and immediate implant placement. Postoperative assessments included cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for bone formation and PENGUIN device for implant stability at 4 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16.0 software, with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvements in implant stability and bone formation over 4 months. The xenograft group exhibited higher mean implant stability (71.00) and superior bone formation (11.49) compared to the alloplastic group (70.57 and 10.17, respectively). No significant differences in soft tissue reactions were noted between groups. CONCLUSION: Both alloplastic and xenograft materials are effective for sinus lift procedures with immediate implant placement, but xenografts show slightly better outcomes in implant stability and bone formation, warranting further long-term, multicentre studies.