Cancer-related fatigue among adult patients living with cancer in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and distressing side effects of cancer and its treatment. Its clinical impact contributes to poorer health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare costs. Although several primary studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, no systematic review has yet synthesized their findings on CRF. Methods A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across major databases, including HINARI, Science Direct, Embase, Thesis Bank, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Following a rigorous screening based on predefined inclusion criteria, seven studies were included. Data extraction and quantitative synthesis were performed using STATA software. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q and the I2 statistic, while publication bias was assessed via Egger’s regression test. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included seven studies comprising 2047 participants, with a pooled prevalence of 73.04% (95% CI: 69.00–77.08%). The prevalence was highest in the Hawassa region (77.40%) and among studies conducted before 2020 (73.34%). Cancer-related fatigue was significantly associated with late-stage disease presentation, anemia, depression, and anxiety. Conclusion and recommendations Cancer-related fatigue is a significant public health issue in Ethiopia, with a high prevalence, especially in the Hawassa region. Late-stage cancer, anemia, depression, and anxiety were strong predictors of CRF. Routine screening for fatigue and psychological comorbidities should be integrated into oncology care to improve patient outcomes.