Sistemas de energía autogestionados para zonas aisladas: una revisión tecnológica de soluciones, desafíos y oportunidades futuras

Reliable access to energy in rural and remote areas remains a barrier to sustainable development, driven by dependence on fossil fuels, limited local technical capacity, and high operational costs. In response, self-managed energy systems have emerged as a promising alternative to deliver autonomous, scalable, and low-maintenance energy solutions. This study identifies and categorizes viable technologies and management methodologies through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. Solutions are grouped into five progressive tiers of self-management, ranging from basic fossil-fuel-based generation to AI-powered microgrids. Findings reveal that energy management methodologies vary in applicability depending on infrastructure levels, due to their specific technical and economic requirements. The study concludes that energy transitions in these regions must be gradual and adaptive, prioritizing low-maintenance, highly scalable solutions. It underscores the need for policies that balance technological innovation with realistic local capacities.