Una revisión sistemática sobre tendencias, aplicaciones y desafíos de las Tecnologías Emergentes en la Industria Agrícola

The use of smart technologies for the automation and management of the agricultural sector has become a strategic area of ​​research and development, as traditional methods are insufficient to meet the growing global food demand. In this context, this study analyzes, through a systematic literature review, how emerging technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), can contribute to the improvement, application, and evolution of smart practices in the agricultural sector. This paper presents a characterization of the concepts of precision agriculture and smart agriculture, along with the main digital tools that have driven their adoption. It also identifies the most relevant applications of these technologies within the agricultural supply chain, based on an analysis of scientific literature published between 2008 and 2025 using advanced search strategies supported by Boolean operators and processed with the Bibliometrix tool. As a result, the authors identify trends and lines of research that are grouped into three main areas: a) technological innovation, b) application scenarios, and c) business and commercialization. These latter areas, although fundamental to the consolidation of smart agriculture, have received less attention than technological developments. Therefore, a model-oriented, decision-making framework for intelligent management in the agricultural sector is proposed, based on a five-layer IoT architecture. These elements constitute strategic areas for future research to promote the digital transformation and sustainability of the agricultural industry.