The influence of simulated microgravity on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells cultured on polymeric scaffold

standard cell culture atmosphere, impaired cell differentiation, suggesting hypoxia-induced effects. Compared to the static standard cell culture counterparts, simulated microgravity tended to cause a decrease in expression of some osteogenic markers, such as runt-related gene 2 (Runx2) and type I collagen, and an increase in others, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The use of scaffolds may modulate the effects of simulated microgravity. This simple bone tissue model shows potential for simulating microgravity-induced bone changes and could support research in Earth-based analog environments if proven in real microgravity.