Self-Powered Triboelectric Smart Bed Engineered by Electrospun Nylon11/Dedoped Polyaniline Nanofibers for Sleep Monitoring and Fall Detection

Sleep quality is an important parameter for good health of an individual, influencing both physiological and psychological well-being. The conventional sleep monitoring devices depend on massive, wired systems that limit comfort, mobility, and long-term applications. To overcome these limitations, this work reports the design and development of a self-powered, flexible, and pressure-sensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) incorporated into smart bed based on electrospun Nylon11 (Ny11)/dedoped polyaniline (DPANI) composite for real-time monitoring of sleeping postures and fall detection. The optimized Ny11/DPANI composite nanofibers, containing 1.5 wt % DPANI, exhibited enhanced crystallinity of 84%, dielectric constant of 16, and surface hydrophobicity of 141°, resulting in improved triboelectric performance with an output of 65 V, 11.3 μA, and 21 nC, corresponding to a power density of 5 W/m2. The electrospun nanofibrous nature of the composite polymer provides flexibility, breathability, and mechanical robustness suitable for long-term biomedical applications. The TENG module was integrated into a sensor array placed in the bed. This setup can map the body pressure distribution, sleeping positions, and movement patterns. This smart bed is an important step toward noninvasive and energy-independent sleep monitoring and fall-detection technologies. It provides comfort and safety for healthcare and assisted-living settings.