Sustainable Bridge Construction Decisions Using Fuzzy MCDM: A Comprehensive Comparison of AHP–VIKOR, BWM–VIKOR, and TOPSIS

The selection of bridge construction systems significantly influences the sustainability of infrastructure projects, encompassing both economic and environmental dimensions. This study presents a comparative assessment of three hybrid fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, Fuzzy AHP–VIKOR, Fuzzy TOPSIS, and Fuzzy BWM–VIKOR, for choosing optimum bridge construction system during the preliminary design phases. Each method was applied consistently, integrating project-specific criteria and construction alternatives. The comparison extended beyond the final rankings to assess computational efficiency, sensitivity to input variations, ease of implementation, and stability. Expert opinions were gathered using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to reflect the practical circumstances of bridge engineering in the field. The results show distinct strengths and trade-offs among the techniques, offering valuable insights for researchers and industry professionals alike. This study contributes to the knowledge base by explaining how different fuzzy MCDM methods are used in real-world bridge construction projects. These outcomes improve the methodological rigor of decision science and support more robust decision-making frameworks in bridge engineering.