Heterogeneity and transition of adolescent aggression perpetrators: Individual, family, school, and community risk and protective predictors

= 12.99, SD = 0.60; 47.9% girls) were examined in this study over a 2-year period. A latent class analysis revealed three perpetrator subgroups: high-status aggressors (7.22%), low-status aggressors (12.45%), and low-status aggressive victims (9.15%). Furthermore, high-status aggressors showed short-term stability but tended to shift to low-status roles in the long term, whereas low-status aggressors and aggressive victims exhibited instability across both time intervals. Analyses of multisystemic predictors revealed that protective and risk factors exerted differential effects across perpetrator subgroups, shaping both the persistence and developmental transitions of certain roles. These findings emphasize the need for subgroup-specific intervention strategies that integrate resources systematically at the individual, familial, school, and community levels.