Exact analysis of unsteady hybrid nanofluid past an infinitely oscillating vertical plate under the impact of thermal radiation

This study examines the influence of thermal radiation on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a hybrid nanofluid past an infinitely oscillating vertical plate. The main objective is to investigate the combined effects of thermal radiation, nanoparticle volume fraction and oscillatory motion on hybrid nanofluid flow velocity and heat transfer characteristics. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved analytically using the Laplace transform technique. The effects of relevant non-dimensional parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated graphically. Furthermore, three-dimensional surface plots of the Nusselt number are presented to visualize variations in the heat transfer rate and expressions for skin friction are obtained. The results show that skin friction increases with increasing Cu nanoparticle volume fraction (φ 1 ), radiation parameter (N) and Prandtl number (Pr). An increase in the radiation parameter decreases the fluid temperature while enhancing the fluid velocity. In addition, both primary and secondary velocities decrease with an increase in φ 1 , whereas the opposite behaviour is observed with increasing TiO 2 nanoparticle volume fraction φ 2 .