Mechanism of microcirculation disturbance in diabetic nephropathy: A review

Diabetic nephropathy, as one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, has an extremely complex pathogenesis. Currently, there are still no effective treatment methods available in clinical practice that can effectively prevent its pathological progression. In recent years, it has been discovered that the microcirculation system facilitates the exchange of substances between blood and tissues, profoundly influencing the homeostasis of the internal environment within the body. Abnormalities in renal microcirculation are closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy. Given the significant importance of improving renal microcirculation disorders in delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy, by exploring the pathological association between microcirculation disorders and diabetic nephropathy, this paper elaborates on the "key node" role of microvascular lesions in the course of diabetic nephropathy, and conducts an analysis of the signaling pathways. It explains the interactions among cellular signal transduction, growth transformation factors, and oxidative stress pathways in microvascular lesions, providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis and research direction for the treatment strategy of diabetic nephropathy targeting improving renal microcirculation disorders.