Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Syzygium aromaticum: A Review

Syzygium aromaticum (clove), a member of the Myrtaceae family, is a well-known medicinal and culinary plant valued for its rich chemical composition and wide range of biological activities. This review provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of S. aromaticum, with particular emphasis on its essential oil components such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and eugenyl acetate. These compounds are largely responsible for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities. The review also highlights its ethnomedicinal importance, therapeutic relevance, and safety profile. S. aromaticum emerges as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with significant potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.