Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Correlates With Increased Postoperative Complications and Rates of Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

PURPOSE: To leverage a large national database to assess the association of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with hip arthroscopy outcomes in patients with labral tears and/or femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. METHODS: Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for labral tears and/or femoroacetabular impingement syndrome were abstracted from the 2010 to 2023 PearlDiver M170 database. Patients with T1DM were matched 1:4 with those without T1DM based on age, sex, and Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between T1DM and 90-day postoperative adverse events as well as emergency department visits. Five-year conversion rates to total hip arthroplasty were assessed and compared with a log-rank test. RESULTS: Of 69,679 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy, T1DM was identified in 951 patients (1.4%). After matching, 760 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with T1DM were matched with 2968 patients without T1DM. Those with T1DM had significantly higher 90-day odds of any adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 5.81), severe adverse events (OR = 2.65), minor adverse events (OR = 5.63), and emergency department visits (OR = 4.03) (P < .0001 for all). Five-year conversion to total hip arthroplasty was statistically significantly higher in the T1DM group (9.4% vs 6.4%, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1DM undergoing hip arthroscopy for labral tears and/or femoroacetabular impingement syndrome showed significantly higher rates of postoperative adverse events and emergency department visits, as well as greater rates of 5-year conversion to total hip arthroplasty compared with a matched control group without T1DM. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative case-control study.