Application and translational research of magnesium in nursing care of orthopedic diseases: from mechanism to clinical translation

Magnesium is an essential bioactive ion that plays a central role in skeletal physiology. However, its contributions to bone biology and orthopedic practice are only beginning. Beyond its structural incorporation into bone mineral, magnesium dynamically regulates osteoblast and osteoclast function through signaling networks, including PI3K/Akt, TRPM, and the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis. Disruption of magnesium homeostasis has been increasingly implicated in osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and other skeletal pathologies. Concurrently, the emergence of biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials has introduced new opportunities for next-generation orthopedic implants that actively promote bone regeneration while eliminating the need for implant removal. Clinical implementation in magnesiumsupplementation is also growing, with evidence suggesting benefits for bone health, postoperative recovery, and pain management. This review summarizes the physiological functions of magnesium, magnesium related signals in bone metabolism, magnesium-related skeletal diseases, clinical applications of magnesium alloys, and nursing strategies for orthopedic patients.