Impact of Telepharmacy on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Pharmacists play a vital role in optimizing therapy and supporting glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Telepharmacy extends these services remotely. However, previous meta-analyses often combined telepharmacy with other interventions, limiting the clarity of their conclusions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of telepharmacy on glycemic control in patients with T2D. METHODS: statistic. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. PROSPERO (CRD420251105397). RESULTS: 0%). All trials were rated as having "some concerns" in RoB. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low due to RoB and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS: Telepharmacy significantly improved glycemic control in patients with T2D. It may be considered a supportive strategy to enhance access to care and promote patient self-management, particularly among individuals facing barriers to health care access.