Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity Studies of Madder Plant

The madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.) is a valuable member of the large Rubiaceae family. Its roots and rhizomes contain anthraquinones, such as alizarin and purpurin, alongside their glycosides, which offer natural coloring for the textile, cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries, while also demonstrating a range of biological activities. These compounds give madder pharmacological effects, among which fighting cancer, slowing down tumor growth, protecting against infections, reducing inflammation, supporting the liver, and preventing cell damage. In addition, madder's flavonoid content is a source of potential benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiallergic, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. The present study aims to summarize the phytochemical components of Rubia tinctorum and highlight recent advancements in other studies on its antioxidant activity.