Fucoidans as multifunctional marine polysaccharide platforms: From nutritional supplements to advanced drug delivery for cancer therapy

, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)), are discussed for further optimizing performance. Beyond oncology, the review also covers promising applications in renal protection, wound healing, and antimicrobial therapy. Finally, current challenges such as structural heterogeneity and the gap to clinical translation are addressed, with future directions proposed involving standardization, intelligent design, and comprehensive preclinical validation. This review aims to serve as a strategic reference for the rational design and clinical translation of fucoidan-based nanomedicines.