Glaucoma awareness and knowledge among South Indian residents

Abstract Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with early detection being critical for prevention. The multifactorial predisposition of this disease is complex. Opportunistic case finding has been the important source of identification followed by treatment across the globe. With the introduction of translational research and advances in public health, the awareness of glaucoma is promoted. Despite this in the Indian context, studies like the Chennai Glaucoma Study have shown close to 90% undiagnosed cases thriving in the community. This study attempts to identify and report the awareness and knowledge of glaucoma among the community in South Indian population. Methodology A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from February to June 2024 across five South Indian states. A structured, multilingual questionnaire was validated through pilot testing and disseminated via social media. Responses from 1,406 participants were analyzed, excluding optometrists and ophthalmologists to reduce bias. Results A total of 1490 participants were enrolled for the study from different parts of South India (mean age 45 years (SD -16). Only 20.34% ( n = 286) of participants had heard of glaucoma. Among those aware, 75.17% knew the risk increased with age, 65% believed blindness could be prevented, and 79% agreed glaucoma could be treated. However, only 41% recognized familial risk and the asymptomatic nature of the disease. Misconceptions were common, with 17% equating glaucoma with cataract. Conclusion Awareness and knowledge of glaucoma remains low in South India, posing a barrier to early diagnosis and management. Strengthening community-based awareness initiatives and integrating glaucoma care into primary health systems are vital for reducing the burden of this preventable cause of blindness.