Structural Modifications in the Adhesive Organ of a Hillstream Catfish <i>Hara hara</i> : Scanning Electron Microscopy and Histochemistry

groups, and elastin); and glycans (galactose, N-Acetylgalactosamine, and fucose). Presence of these glycoprotein and protein moieties elaborated by the cellular component of the AO has been associated to play an important role in maintaining structural integrity of the epithelium, keratinization, protection against pathogens, and adhesion of the fish to the substratum. The TBs located at the summit of the tubercles in the furrow epithelium may serve as an adaptation to enhance sensitivity to food selection and environmental perception. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional adaptations that enable H. hara to maintain effective attachment and thrive in turbulent hillstream environments.