Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing evisceration: a six-year retrospective study in a tertiary referral center

Evisceration remains a frequently employed surgical technique in the management of blind, painful eyes. Despite its long history, regional variability in patient demographics, clinical indications, and surgical decision-making persists. The present study aimed to investigate demographic characteristics, etiological factors, and temporal patterns of patients undergoing evisceration in a tertiary referral center over a six-year period, and to contextualize these findings within the contemporary global literature. This retrospective, observational cohort included all patients who underwent evisceration between January 2020 and June 2025. Data regarding age, sex, laterality, clinical indications, and year of operation were extracted from medical records. Indications were categorized into trauma-related, degenerative, infectious, and miscellaneous groups. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Python (Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy) and Microsoft Excel. A total of 16 patients (12 male, 4 female) were identified. The mean age was 69.4 years (median: 74; range: 23–88). Elderly males predominated (75%). The right eye was affected in 56.3% of cases. Trauma was the leading indication (25%), followed by phthisis bulbi (12.5%), absolute glaucoma (12.5%), infection-related socket pathology (6.3%), and severe socket contracture (6.3%). Case numbers peaked in 2022, although no consistent temporal trend was observed. Trauma was significantly more common in males (p = 0.04). Evisceration in this institutional cohort was predominantly performed in elderly males with chronic ocular pathology. While trauma continues to be a major indication worldwide, our findings underscore the substantial contribution of degenerative and end-stage ocular disease, reflecting regional variability in reported indications for surgical eye removal.