Investigating salivary growth factor responses to tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational comparative study

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate salivary growth factor levels in controlled type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals, assessed at two time points: before tooth extraction and two days postoperatively. Materials and methods: The study included 27 participants: 20 with type 2 diabetes (74.07%) and 7 healthy controls (25.93%). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected before tooth extraction and two days afterward. Biomarker analysis was performed using a Luminex multiplex assay, targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), platelet-derived growth factor-CC (PDGF-CC), and platelet-derived growth factor-DD (PDGF-DD). Results: = 0.740), respectively. Conclusions: Salivary growth factors are reduced and respond differently in type 2 diabetes, potentially contributing to impaired oral wound healing. Supplementing growth factors may improve clinical outcomes, warranting further investigation.