The rise of robots in libraries: Essential skills and knowledge for librarians in Industry 5.0

This study examines the rise of robotic technologies in libraries and the essential skills and knowledge required of librarians within the context of Industry 5.0. Guided by four objectives, the study adopted a systematic literature review design using the PRISMA framework. 59 records were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and 27 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included for narrative analysis. The findings show that libraries are increasingly integrating both physical and software-based robotic systems, including shelf-reading robots, automated storage and retrieval systems, humanoid service robots, chatbots, virtual assistants, and AI-driven intelligent systems. The review reveals that librarians require a hybrid competency profile combining technical and digital proficiency, AI literacy, ethical awareness, collaborative ability, and continuous professional development. Preparedness levels vary across contexts and are influenced by infrastructure, funding, institutional support, and training opportunities. Financial constraints, technical compatibility challenges, ethical concerns, and workforce anxieties remain significant barriers. The study concludes that robotics in libraries is an emerging yet operational area that requires deliberate curriculum reform, sustained institutional investment, and clear policy direction to support effective human–robot collaboration and sustainable service delivery in Industry 5.0 environments.