Feasibility, Mechanical Properties, and Environmental Impact of 3D-Printed Mortar Incorporating Recycled Fine Aggregates from Decoration and Renovation Waste

-eq/kg mortar. Maximizing the utilization of W&D is key to achieving efficient utilization of solid waste. Considering printability, mechanical performance, interlayer behavior, microstructural characteristics, and environmental impact in a comprehensive manner, the 80% W&D replacement ratio can be regarded as a relatively balanced and promising selection. This work not only suggests the technical feasibility of recycling W&D in 3D printing mortar, but also proposes a sustainable pathway to reduce carbon emissions in construction.