Integrating multilayer transport networks into location-based accessibility modelling for urban land use analysis

The accessibility of transport networks is a fundamental concept for understanding the intricate relationship between urban land use patterns and public transport systems. Previous studies have largely assessed accessibility within single transport modes, with limited attention to the integrated functioning of multimodal systems. To address this problem, this study proposed a method for calculating the enhanced location-based accessibility of urban grids using a multilayer network model. We constructed a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of land use patterns. The model leveraged the multilayer network accessibility of 7826 urban grids in Shanghai, incorporating land use derived from six types of points of interest (POIs). Results demonstrated that accessibility was substantially higher and more consistent within the inner ring road, reflecting dense service integration and concentrated land use intensity, whereas peripheral zones exhibited pronounced disparities and fragmented connectivity. MGWR coefficients further delineated distinct spatial influence zones across urban functions, offering a scale-sensitive lens to diagnose mismatches between transport provision and land use demand. The findings highlighted that evaluating land use through the improved location-based accessibility of urban grids provides valuable insights into the sustainable development between urban form and transportation planning.