Mechanisms of autophagy-mediated ferroptosis regulation in intestinal mucosal injury under high-G environments

accumulation, ferroptosis markers, and oxidative stress, while restoring Nrf2-GPX4 signaling pathway. Conversely, autophagy activation exacerbated ferroptosis, leading to more severe mitochondrial damage and intestinal dysfunction. This study provided novel evidence that +Gz-induced intestinal injury could be mediated by ferroptosis and regulated by autophagy. Excessive autophagy exacerbates ferroptosis via ferritinophagy-mediated iron release, whereas autophagy inhibition is protective against intestinal damage by preserving the Nrf2-GPX4 axis function. Targeting autophagy and ferroptosis may provide new therapeutic strategies for mitigating high-G-induced gastrointestinal injury in aerospace medicine.