Thermo-Mechano-Electrochemical Coupling Effect on Mechanical Evolution and Lithium Deposition in Gel Electrolyte Batteries

. It is found that employing a low current density, moderate heating, and applying an external pressure can significantly improve the uniformity of the strain field in both the electrolyte and electrodes while effectively inhibiting dendrite growth. In contrast, an increased number of cycles exacerbates strain accumulation in the cathode, leading to a performance degradation. This study elucidates the mechanical behavior and performance degradation mechanism of gel electrolyte batteries and clarifies viable pathways for actively improving next-generation high-safety, long-life solid-state batteries through optimized charge-discharge strategies, thermal management, and the application of external mechanical constraints.