Sequential Effect of Reaction Temperature on Physical and Chemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles for Water Purification in a Photocatalytic Reactor
. Finally, an optimized ZnO sample was produced at 45 °C and directly introduced into the reactor to immobilize the catalyst, thereby avoiding the release of NPs into water streams and eliminating subsequent recovery steps. In this work, the reaction temperature has been identified as a critical determinant of ZnO defect concentration, morphology, and photocatalytic efficiency, providing a scalable route to high-performance photocatalysts for effective, environmentally friendly water purification systems.
Authors
- Muhammad Aftab Akram (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1645-7852)
- Nadia Shahzad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-772X)
- Maryam Basit (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3338-1586)
- Iftikhar Hussain Gul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-6216)
- Sofia Javed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-8953)
- Paul K. Westerhoff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-8759)
- Zeeshan Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-9578)
Institutions
- Peking University (CN)
- National University of Science and Technology (ZW)
- And Technology Research (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Division of Materials Research (US)
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria (AT)
- Centre of Advanced Studies (RU)
- Arizona State University (US)
- National University of Sciences and Technology (PK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Omega
- Published
- 2026-04-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c13202
- Primary Topic
- ZnO doping and properties
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National University of Sciences and Technology