Catalytic Technologies for Arsenic Remediation: A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Bifunctional Materials, and Field Applications

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a severe and widespread environmental and public health challenge. Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in catalytic remediation technologies, particularly those integrating advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), bifunctional materials, and field-scale applications. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent developments, emphasizing the synergy between catalytic oxidation and adsorption, the design of innovative and recyclable materials, and the practical translation of laboratory findings to real-world remediation scenarios. Key breakthroughs include dual-function catalysts for combined contaminant removal, scalable systems compatible with renewable energy, and hybrid strategies integrating conventional and catalytic routes. Case studies from arsenic hotspots worldwide demonstrate not only technological feasibility but also highlight knowledge gaps and sustainability challenges. By evaluating catalytic mechanisms, operational performance, and environmental impact, this review identifies promising directions for the next generation of arsenic remediation and offers a critical roadmap to guide future research and practice.